A doge is an elected chief of state lordship, the ruler of the Republic in many of the Italian city states during the medieval and renaissance periods, in the Italian "crowned republics".
The word is from a Venetian word that descends from the Latin dux (as do the English duke and the standard Italian duce and duca), meaning "leader", especially in a military context. The wife of a doge is styled a dogaressa. [1]
How You Take Title – Advantages and Limitations
Title to real property can be held by individuals, either in Sole Ownership or Co-Ownership. When the title is held by two or more persons, Co-Ownership occurs. There are several variations as to how title may be held in each type of ownership.
The following brief summaries reference eight of the more common examples of Sole Ownership and Co-Ownership.
A man or woman not legally married.
A man or woman, who having been married is legally divorced or, a man or woman, having been in a registered domestic partnership has been legally dissolved.
When a married man, woman or a registered domestic partner wishes to acquire title in his/her name alone, the spouse/partner must consent, by quitclaim deed or otherwise, to transfer thereby relinquishing all right, title, and interest in the property.
The California Civil Code defines community property as property acquired by husband and wife, or by either. Real property conveyed to a married man or woman is presumed to be community property, unless otherwise stated. Under community property, both spouses have the right to dispose of one-half of the community property. If a spouse does not exercise his/her right to dispose of one-half to someone other than his/her spouse, then the one-half will go to the surviving spouse without administration. If a spouse exercises his/her right to dispose of one-half, that half is subject to administration in the estate.
A joint tenancy estate is defined in the Civil Code as follows: A joint interest is owned by two or more persons in equal shares, by title created by a single will or transfer, when expressly declared in the will or transfer to be joint tenancy. A chief characteristic of joint tenancy property is the right of survivorship. When a joint tenant dies, title to the property immediately vests in the surviving joint tenant(s). As a consequence, joint tenancy property is not subject to disposition by will.
Under tenancy in common, the co-owners own undivided interests; but unlike joint tenancy, these interests need not be equal in quantity or duration, and may arise at different times. There is no right of survivorship; each tenant owns an interest which, on his or her death, vests in his or her heirs or devisees.
Title to real property in California may be held in a title holding trust. The trust holds legal and equitable title to the real estate. The trustee holds title for the trust/beneficiary who retains all of the management rights and responsibilities.
Community Property of a husband and wife, when expressly declared in the transfer document to be community property with the right of survivorship, and which may be accepted in writing on the face of the document by a statement signed or initialed by the grantees, shall, upon the death of one of the spouses, pass to the survivor, without administration, subject to the same procedures as property held in joint tenancy. Registered domestic partners shall have the same rights and protections.